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Stakeholders in Project Management |
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Project leader (or project manager) – the head of the
project; defines, plans, controls, and leads the project
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Project team members
– produce the outputs (deliverables) for the project; participate in
the project management process; contribute their skills and effort
to perform tasks
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Sponsor (or upper manager) – the person with formal
authority who is ultimately responsible for the project; oversees
the project; acts as a liaison between the upper management team and
the project leader; provides authority, guidance, and maintains
project priority
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Project customer
– the person or group whose needs and requirements drive the
project; receives the final output(s) that the project produces;
provides product requirements and funding
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Functional managers (also known as resource managers or
line managers) – provide company policy an resources, particularly
people who are involved in the project
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Identifying Stakeholders – a Primary and an Ongoing Task
"Satisfy stakeholders!" is the
project manager's mantra. For successful projects, it's not enough to
deliver on the customer's demand; projects have to meet all stakeholder
expectations. Identifying stakeholders is a primary task because all the
important decisions during the initiation, planning and execution stages of
the project are made by these stakeholders.
The five primary project
stakeholders are the project manager, the project team, the functional
management, the sponsor, and the customer. In a larger sense, anyone
who participates in the project or is impacted by its results is a
stakeholder. Each stakeholder has an essential contribution to make and all
stakeholder expectations need to be met. Contribution made by different
people to the project is the principal criteria for identifying
stakeholders.
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